Aim: To investigate the long-term effects of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) on renal status in rats. Methods: Twenty Wistar rats were distributed into 2 groups: AAS or placebo, for 3 months.The animal received 10mg/kg body weight of Stanozonol once a week by intramuscular injection in the gluteus, or saline solution as placebo.

A 65-year-old man, with suspected right adrenal metastasis from hepatic carcinoma, was scheduled to undergo a laparoscopic right adrenalectomy. About 75 minutes into the operation, when attempting to remove the adrenal gland that was tightly adhesive to the inferior vena cava (IVC), the surgeon accidently nicked the inferior vena cava which resulted in a large tear of about 2 x 2 cm. Considering the difficulty of performing exploratory laparotomy due to previous hepatic tumor excision related intra-abdominal adhesion, the surgeon tried to sow the torn IVC through the use of the laparoscope and to control the bleeding via carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation pressure. This resulted in a massive amount of gas entering the vessel via the IVC broken hole. When we performed a transesophageal chocardiography (TEE), it was revealed that the right atrium and right ventricle were totally white out because they were full of air. About 20 minutes after the IVC tear, the TEE image also revealed that the left heart also contained scattered air embolisms. The surgeon spent about 60 minutes on repairing the IVC tear. Blood pressure was stable during the IVC tear insult but dropped slightly after the IVC tear repaired. Low dose norepinephrine and dopamine continuous infusion were administered to stabilize the patient’s blood pressure. After the operation, the patient presented mild weakness in his left limbs. Fortunately, the symptoms dissipated two days after the surgery. 12 days later, the patient was discharged without any neurologic sequelae.

Most authors define hyponatremia as a serum sodium concentration below the lower limit of normality, lower than 135 meq/L1, but there is still a discussion on best values of reference [1]. Characterized as a hydroelectrolytic disorder, hyponatremia is very common in elderly, hospitalized individuals and may be commonly associated with neoplasms, liver cirrhosis, heart failure and renal failure. Physiologically, it is inferred that the increase of water triggers hyponatremia and not a direct sodium low, even in situations of hypovolemic hyponatremia [1].

Background:The problem of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression is a panic and it is still inevitable. Patients and Methods: Prospective observational study of factors present at initial evaluation of stage 3 CKD patients proceeding from external consultations after two years of follow-up. Exclusion criteria: Under 40 or older than 79 years old, anemia, previous heart or hepatic failure, valvular or ischemic cardiopathy, arrhythmias, clinical arterial peripheral disease or immunosuppressive treatment. Inclusion criteria: All the incidental patients who wish to participate between January, 2012 and January, 2014. The study was approved by the Committee of Ethics of Clinical Investigation.

Fundamentals. Diabetes mellitus 2 is a chronic disease with an increasing prevalence in recent years, it is expected that by 2030 there will be 336 million diabetics worldwide, and the increase in life expectancy will influence the presentation of chronic complications, including chronic kidney disease with a prevalence of 10 to 14% of the adult population. The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence of chronic kidney disease by stage in diabetic patients Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study in patients with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus 2 included 426 patients attending the first level of care; were excluded patients with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus 1, with rheumatic disease or with cystic nephropathy. Sociodemographic variables, anthropometric, serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rates were studied according to the CKD-EPI formula. The analysis plan included averages, percentages,and confidence intervals.

In the setting of an IgG-dominant immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis, there are multiple pathological fi ndings that strongly suggest the diagnosis of lupus nephritis (LN) including “full-house” immunofluorescence staining for IgG, IgM, IgA, C3 and C1, extraglomerular immune deposits, combined mesangial, subendothelial and subepithelial immune deposits and the presence of endothelial tubuloreticular inclusions (TRI). If at the time of biopsy or during the period of follow-up, the patient displayed no extrarenal manifestations or serological evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) it is denominate renal-limited lupus-like glomerulonephritis (RLLN) and there are reports both adults and children. Purpose of the study: Clinical features review of in the peer-reviewed academic literature.

Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is a common form of acute glomerulonephritis in children [1]. It is presented with edema, hematuria, acute renal failure and hypertension and hypocomplementemia 7-10days following agroup a ?-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis or 2-4 weeks following an impetigo [2-4]. Subclinical forms are common in close contacts [5-7]. APSGN usually is a self-limiting disease and only requires conservative therapy for complications of acute kidney injury and also management of hypertension. Severe cases may occur with a rapidly progressive course (rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis RPGN) [8], which may need kidney biopsy and pulse therapy with corticosteroids. Alternate pathway activation and depression of C3 is the usual mechanism but in some cases there may be activation of classic pathway [4]. C3 Complement returns to normal level within 8 weeks. In our case despite a usual feature APSGN and spontaneous resolution of nephritis C3 is still low even after 5.5 years.